Using this questionnaire, we then show that the relationship between mind-wandering frequency and psychological distress is fully accounted for by individual differences in dispositional mindful awareness and encoding style. In three studies, we first validate a French translation of a retrospective self-report questionnaire widely used to assess the general occurrence of mind-wandering in daily life – the Daydreaming Frequency Scale. However, it remains unclear whether this relationship is due to the occurrence of mind-wandering per se or to the fact that people who mind wander more tend to be generally less attentive to present-moment experience. Recent findings have shown that mind-wandering – the occurrence of stimulus-independent and task-unrelated thoughts – is associated with negative affect and lower psychological well-being. 3Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.2Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium.1Department of Psychology – Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. Martial Van der Linden 1,3 and Arnaud D’Argembeau 1,2 David Stawarczyk 1,2*, Steve Majerus 1,2,
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